Timber beam hanger and resulting beam connection

ABSTRACT

A timber beam hanger connects a first member, e.g. a horizontal or inclined beam, to a second member, e.g. a horizontal or inclined beam disposed perpendicularly or obliquely to the first beam, or a vertical post or wall. The beam hanger comprises a generally vertical web, an upper flange extending from an upper edge of the web, a seat extending from a lower edge of the web and a connector. The upper flange and seat are usually rectangular and disposed parallel to each other and normally to the web. The upper flange is secured to an upper face of the first member, and the connector cooperates with the upper flange and is secured to the second member. A joint face of the first member has a generally vertical slit intersecting the upper face and receiving the web therein. The joint face has a generally horizontal slit intersected by the vertical slit at a position remote from the upper face and receiving the seat therein. Weight of the beam is carried on the seat and a variety of connectors connect the beam hanger to the second beam or post. When installed, most of the beam hanger is enclosed in the slits of the first member and thus is essentially invisible when viewed from beneath or sideways of the beam.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a timber beam hanger and resulting beamconnection as used in building construction.

It is well known to use fabricated or formed metal connecting componentsto interconnect timber beams used in building constructions. The term"timber beam" as used herein refers to a solid or one-piece timber beam,a glue-laminated timber beam, or so-called engineered wood products suchas "PARALAM" or "MICROLAM" (trade-marks). Such fabricated connectingcomponents reduce or essentially eliminate complex wood cutting whichwould otherwise be required to form inter-fitting portions of joints,for example cross-halving, mortice and tenon joints, etc. These metalcomponents take many forms to enable a wide variety of beam connectionsto be easily accomplished, and are commonly termed "beam hangers". Inmost cases, the beam hangers have at least one pair of parallel sideflanges and an interconnecting bottom flange which embrace outersurfaces of the beams and have openings to receive fasteners, forexample nails, to pass therethrough so as to secure the beam to thehanger. In heavy duty applications, the fasteners can be heavy dutyscrews, or for added security, the fasteners can be bolts which passthrough aligned openings in the beam and the flanges, and a threaded endof the bolt is secured with a conventional nut. In some architecturaldesigns the beams are exposed in the room, and if hangers as abovedescribed are used, at least some of the flanges of the hangers arevisible, and sometimes the fasteners are also visible and thus can beunsightly.

Beams are commonly supplied in many different sizes, and because arelatively close fit is required between a conventional beam hanger andthe beam, a corresponding large number of beam hangers must be availableto accommodate the wide range of beam sizes. This range of sizesincreases costs of manufacturing and storing beam hangers, as well ascomplicating designs. Use of such hangers also requires relatively closetolerances to be maintained on dimensions of the beams to ensure a snugfit between flanges of the hanger.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,252 issued to Simpson Stong-Tie Company Inc. and inwhich the inventors are Colonias and Leak, discloses a hanger connectionof a general type as described above. As can be seen, some hangerconnections have relatively complex geometry, and spacings between someportions of the connections are critical to ensure a snug fit as abovedescribed, thus resulting in relatively costly hangers.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,295,754 (Kato) discloses a beam connector which has agenerally vertical web or hook plate having a pair of projectionsextending axially from an outer edge of the plate. The projections alsohave relatively complex geometry and are received in complementaryopenings in a vertical column or post, the openings having similarcomplex geometry which cooperates with the projections to retain the webor plate against the column. The web is retained within an elongatedvertical slit within an end face of a beam and thus is shielded fromview. However, bolts pass through the beam and are retained incomplementary openings or slits within the web to prevent axial movementof the beam with respect to the web. While this patent discloses ahanger in which most of the hanger is shielded from view when installed,the hanger itself is relatively complex and costly to manufacture, andrequires the production of complex openings in an adjoining verticalpost, and thus is costly to instal. In addition, care must be taken toensure that the web is installed accurately within the beam and theopenings are located accurately within the post to ensure properfitting, which further increases cost of installation.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,981,388 (Becken et al) discloses a timber joining systemin which two intersecting members can be joined together with a boltwhich passes at an inclined angle through one member to be receivedwithin a female threaded opening passing transversely through acylindrical member fitted within a second member. This would appear tobe more suitable for relatively small members, for example small piecesof wood, such as used in furniture.

To the inventor's knowledge, there is no timber hanger which can beessentially completely concealed within heavy timber beams, at leastwhen viewed from underneath, which can be easily adapted to accommodatea wide range of beam sizes, and can be produced and installed atrelatively low cost due to relatively wide dimensional tolerances formanufacture of the beam and hanger, and for installation purposes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention reduces the difficulties and disadvantages of the priorart by providing a beam hanger which is mechanically simple, can beproduced for a relatively low cost, and can be installed in a widevariety of applications, thus simplifying manufacturing and inventory.The hanger can be installed using simple cutting equipment andtechniques that do not require close control of dimensions, and when soinstalled, the hanger is invisible when viewed from beneath the joint,and invisible when viewed from the side. In addition, fasteners used tosecure the hanger to the beams are also invisible when viewed frombeneath. In addition, while one embodiment of the hanger willaccommodate many beam-to-beam connections, a few relatively simplealternatives can be devised which will accommodate essentially allcommon beam-to-beam, beam-to-post and beam-to-wall connections.

A beam connection according to the invention is for connecting first andsecond members together with a beam hanger according to the invention.The first member has an upper face and a first joint face, the firstjoint face having a generally vertical slit intersecting the upper face,and a generally horizontal slit which is intersected by the verticalslit at a position remote from the upper face. The second member has asecond joint face, at least one portion of the second joint face beingadjacent and generally complementary to at least one portion of thefirst joint face. The beam hanger according to the invention comprises agenerally vertical web, an upper flange, a seat and a connector. Thegenerally vertical web is inserted into the vertical slit in the firstjoint face. The web is within a generally vertical axial plane and hasupper and lower edges adjacent the upper face and the horizontal slitrespectively of the first member. The web has an outer edge adjacent thefirst joint face. The upper flange extends from the upper edge of theweb so that the upper flange contacts the upper face of the firstmember. The seat extends from the lower edge of the web and is insertedwithin the horizontal slit. The connector is for connecting the beamhanger to the second member and cooperates with the flange or the weband with fasteners to secure the beam hanger to the second member. Inaddition, the beam connection comprises a plurality of fasteners whichpass through openings in the upper flange of the beam hanger to securethe upper flange to the first member. Preferably, the seat is parallelto the upper flange, and the seat can have an outer edge co-planar withthe outer edge of the web.

In one embodiment, the first and second members are intersecting beamshaving generally co-planar upper faces, and the connector comprises aconnecting flange being a co-planar and axially aligned extension of theupper flange. The connecting flange extends outwardly from adjacent theedge of the web and is aligned with the upper flange and is adapted toreceive fasteners to connect to the second member.

In one alternative the first and second members are intersecting beamshaving vertically spaced apart upper faces. The connector comprises aconnecting flange extending outwardly from adjacent the outer edge ofthe web, the connecting flange being generally parallel to, and spacedvertically from, the upper flange. As before, the connecting flange, aswell as the upper flange is adapted to receive fasteners to connect tothe second member.

In another alternative, the first and second members are a beam and apost or wall respectively, and the connector comprises a connectingflange connecting together the upper flange, the outer edge of the weband an outer edge of the seat. The connecting flange is disposedvertically and adapted to receive fasteners to connect to the post orwall.

In yet another alternative, the first and second members areintersecting beams inclined obliquely to each other and having co-planarupper faces. In this embodiment, the connector comprises a connectingflange being a co-planar extension of the upper flange, the connectingflange extending outwardly from the outer edge of the web and beinginclined obliquely to the upper flange and adapted to receive fastenersto connect to the second member.

In a fifth embodiment, the first and second members are beams with thefirst beam inclined to the horizontal so as to be non-planar withrespect to the second beam. The first member has a portion of an upperface thereof adjacent the first joint face generally co-planar with theupper face of the second member and in this embodiment the upper flangeis shorter than in the first described embodiment. Alternatively, thefirst beam could have an obliquely inclined upper face intersecting theupper face of the second beam, and the upper flange and seat of the beamhanger are parallel to each other and inclined obliquely to the innerand outer edges of the web at an angle generally equal to angle of theupper face. In this embodiment, the connector comprises a connectingflange extending obliquely to the upper flange to be parallel and incontact with an upper face of the second member. As before, the upperflange and connecting flange receive fasteners to connect to theappropriate members.

The connector has other alternative shapes to accommodate a connectionbetween other types of beams and posts.

A detailed disclosure following, related to drawings, describes severalembodiments of the invention, which is capable of expression instructure other than that particularly described and illustrated.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a simplified fragmented perspective of a first embodiment of abeam hanger according to the invention shown spaced from a prepared endface of a first beam prior to installation of the hanger in the beam,

FIG. 2 is a simplified fragmented perspective showing the hangerinstalled within the first beam and cooperating with an adjacent secondbeam to provide a beam connection, hidden portions of the hanger beingshown in broken line, and fasteners being omitted for clarity,

FIG. 3 is a simplified fragmented side elevation, partly in section,showing adjacent portions of the beam connection of FIG. 2 withfasteners in place and optional strengthening brackets added,

FIG. 4 is a simplified fragmented top plan of the connection of FIG. 2,

FIG. 5 is a fragmented end elevation of some critical portions of thebeam hanger,

FIG. 6 is a simplified fragmented side elevation, partially in brokenoutline, showing a second embodiment of a beam hanger according to theinvention fitted in a first beam and to be used for connecting two beamshaving spaced apart upper faces, some alternatives being shown in brokenline, the second beam being shown separated,

FIG. 7 is an end view of the beam hanger and the first beam as used inthe beam connection of FIG. 6,

FIG. 8 is a simplified fragmented side elevation of a third embodimentof a beam hanger according to the invention for connecting a horizontalbeam to a vertical post or wall, the hanger being shown connected to thepost and separated from the beam, another alternative being shown inbroken line,

FIG. 9 is a simplified fragmented end elevation of the hanger of FIG. 8shown connected to the post,

FIG. 10 is a simplified fragmented side elevation, partially in brokenline, of a fourth embodiment of a beam hanger according to the inventionfor connecting one beam obliquely to another beam, with both beamshaving co-planar upper faces, the hanger shown fitted in the first beam,the second beam being shown separated,

FIG. 11 is a simplified, fragmented top plan view of the completed beamconnection of FIG. 10,

FIG. 12 is a simplified, fragmented side elevation, partially in brokenline, showing a fifth embodiment of a beam hanger according to theinvention for connecting a first beam inclined obliquely to a secondbeam, the first beam being inclined to the horizontal but having anuppermost face portion co-planar with the second beam, the second beambeing shown separated,

FIG. 13 is a simplified end elevation of the hanger of FIG. 12 shownconnected to the first beam,

FIG. 14 is a simplified fragmented side elevation partially in brokenline, showing a sixth embodiment of a beam hanger according to theinvention for connecting a first beam to a second beam, the first beamand upper face thereof being inclined to the horizontal, and

FIG. 15 is a simplified end elevation of the hanger of FIG. 14 shownconnected to the first beam.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 through 5

A first embodiment 10 of a beam hanger according the invention comprisesa generally vertical web 12, an upper member 13 and a seat 16. The webhas parallel upper and lower edges 18 and 19 respectively, the upperedge 18 being shown in broken outline in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4. The web alsohas generally parallel inner and outer edges 20 and 21 respectively, theedges 18 and 19 being disposed perpendicularly to the edges 20 and 21 todefine a generally rectangular web. Space between the edges 18 and 19defines depth 22 of the web and space between the edges 20 and 21defines length 23 of the web.

For simplicity, and for consistency in terminology with respect toalternative embodiments, hereinafter and in the claims, a portion of themember 13 extending between the inner edge 20 and the outer edge 21 ofthe web, i.e. a left hand portion as viewed in FIGS. 3 and 4, is termedan upper flange 14. Similarly, a portion of the member 13 extendingoutwardly or rightwardly from adjacent the outer edge 21 of the web istermed a connecting flange 15 and in this embodiment is preferablyintegral with the upper flange 14.

The upper flange 14 of the member 13 extends perpendicularly from theupper edge 18 of the web and has a plurality of openings 24 to receivefasteners 25 shown only in FIG. 3. The seat 16 extends perpendicularlyfrom the lower edge 19 of the web and has generally parallel inner andouter edges 27 and 28 and generally parallel side edges 29 and 30, theedges 27 and 28 being perpendicular to the edges 29 and 30 to define arectangular seat. The outer edge 28 of the seat is generally co-planarwith the outer edge 21 of the web, and, in this example, the inner edge27 of the seat is generally co-planar with the inner edge 20 of the web.Alternatively, the inner edge of the seat could be located inwardly ofthe edge 20 with respect to the beam at an alternative location 27.1(shown in broken outline in FIG. 3 only). Space between the edges 27 and28 defines length 31 of the seat, and space between the side edges 29and 30 defines width 32 of the seat.

The seat 16 is parallel to the upper flange 14, when viewed in a sideelevation as shown in FIG. 3, and when viewed axially as in FIG. 5, thatis viewed along a general vertical axial plane 33 coincident with acentral plane of the web 12.

The member 13 and the flange 14 have an inner edge 34 and the member 13has an outer edge 35, in this embodiment the edge 34 being generallyco-planar with the edge 27 of the seat although this is not required.The member 13 and the flange 14 also have side edges 36 and 37 disposedparallel to each other and perpendicularly to the edges 34 and 35 so asto define a rectangular member 13. Space between the edges 34 and 35defines length 39 of the member, and space between the edges 36 and 37defines width 40 of the member or flange. Thus, the upper flange and theseat have respective widths defined by transverse spacing betweenrespective side edges thereof. As best seen in FIG. 5, side edges of theseat are disposed inwardly of side edges of the upper flange so that thewidth 40 of the upper flange is greater than the width 32 of the seat.Thus, side edges of the flange "overhang" the seat for reasons to bedescribed.

As best seen in FIG. 5, the web 12 has a thickness 42 as measuredtransversely to a vertical axial plane 33, and the seat has a thickness46 as measured generally parallel to the axial plane, the thicknesses ofthe web and seat being generally equal. The first embodiment 10 ispreferably fabricated by welding the flange 14 and the seat 16 toopposite edges of the web 12 to provide joints therebetween withrelatively sharp corners between intersecting surfaces of the web, theflange and the seat. For example, where the upper edge 18 of the webintersects the flange there is a negligible radius therebetween, andthis is attained by providing substantial weld preparation for the edge18. In other words, the upper edge 18 is first ground or cut to assume aV-shape to provide an approximately 90 degree corner running centrallyalong the axial plane 33. Thus, when the edge 18 is welded, weld beadsfill any voids between the web and the flange, and produce relativelysharp corners between the web and flange. Similarly, when the lower edge19 of the web intersects the seat 16, there is a similar relativelysharp inwardly facing corner adjacent opposite lower edges of the web.It is important to avoid production of a heavy weld bead which wouldproduce radiused or filleted surfaces extending between adjacentperpendicular surfaces of the flanges and web, and the seat and web, forreasons to be described. It can be seen that the flange 14 and the seat16 are non-releasably connected to the web 12 to provide a secureconnection therewith to resist forces imposed thereon. Thus the flangeand seat are essentially permanently connected to the web and cannot beeasily separated from each other without damaging the hanger.

The first embodiment 10 of the beam hanger is used to connect togetherfirst and second structural members, which in this instance aregenerally rectangular-sectioned timber beams which typically havesimilar depths, usually in the range of about 6-24 inches (about 150-600millimeters). In the present example as seen in FIGS. 2 and 4, the firstand second beams 51 and 52 intersect each other perpendicularly and haveupper faces 53 and 54 which are flat and generally co-planar with eachother. The first beam has a first joint face 57 disposed generallyperpendicularly to the face 53 and side faces of the beam 51 and, aswill be described, is cut to receive the beam hanger.

After cutting, the face 57 has a generally vertical slit 59 intersectingthe upper face 53, and a generally horizontal slit 60 which isintersected by the vertical slit at a position or intersection 62 remotefrom the upper face. The slits 59 and 60 are defined by pairs of spacedapart vertical and horizontal slit faces respectively. The vertical slit59 has an axial depth 64 as measured vertically along the face 57, andan axial length 65 as measured horizontally along the beam andperpendicularly to the joint face 57. The horizontal slit 60 has atransverse breadth 67 and an axial length 68 as measured along andperpendicularly to the face 57 respectively. The lengths 65 and 68 maybe generally equal although this is not critical provided they aresufficiently long. The slits 59 and 60 have generally similar widths,which widths are equal or slightly greater than the similar thicknesses42 and 46 of the web 12 and seat 16 respectively. The depth 64 of thevertical slit 59 is generally equal to or slightly larger than the depth22 of the web, and the transverse breadth 67 of the horizontal slit 60is generally equal to the width 32 of the seat. Similarly the lengths 65and 68 of the slits 59 and 60 respectively are generally equal to thelengths 23 and 68 of the web and seat respectively.

Thus, the web 12 and seat 16 can be received within the slits 59 and 60as best seen in FIGS. 2 through 4. It is not necessary that the hangerslides easily into the slits and it may be necessary to use a hammer todrive the hanger to be fully seated within the slit, but care should betaken to ensure the beam does not spilt. In any event, it is importantthat the lengths 65 and 68 are no shorter than the lengths 23 and 31 ofthe web and seat to permit the hanger to be received fully in the slitsso that the outer edges 21 and 28 of the web and seat respectively canbe flush with the joint face 57. Clearly, when the hanger is installed,the upper and lower edges 18 and 19 of the web are generally adjacentthe upper face 53 of the beam and the slit 60 respectively.

As best seen in FIG. 4, the first and second beams 51 and 52 intersecteach other at 90 degrees as viewed in top plan, and a portion of avertical side face of the second beam contacts the face 57. In thisparticular instance, the beams are shown to have an equal depth, andthus the portion of the side face of the beam 52 contacted by the jointface 57 serves as a second joint face 72 which is adjacent and generallycomplementary to the first joint face 57. As will be described, in otherconfigurations, the first joint face may not be completely in contactwith the second beam or member 52.

For high load applications, optional transversely disposed triangularstrengthening gussets or brackets can be provided to extend between alower surface of the upper flange 14 and adjacent portions of the web12, as shown in broken outline at 80 in FIGS. 3 through 5 only.Clearance for the brackets is provided in the joint face 57 to allow thefaces 57 and 72 to contact each other.

The connecting flange 15 is shown to extend from the first joint faceacross a portion of the upper face 54 of the second beam, and thus theconnecting flange 15 is a co-planar and an axially aligned extension ofthe upper flange 14. The connecting flange has a plurality of openings77 which are adapted to receive fasteners 78 to connect the hanger tothe second member. Thus, while the connecting flange 15 and the upperflange 14 are co-planar and integral with each other as shown, this isappropriate only for first and second members which have generallyco-planar upper faces as shown. The connecting flange 15 thus serves asa connector for connecting the beam hanger 10 to the second member, andalternative connectors or connecting flanges are used for alternativebeam connections as will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 through15. For convenience of terminology, the fasteners 25 which are retainedin the first beam 51 are termed "primary" fasteners, and the fasteners78, which are received in the second member 52 are termed "secondary"fasteners. The primary and secondary fasteners can be identical types offasteners, e.g. screws or nails, depending upon engineeringrequirements.

OPERATION

To assemble the beam connection of FIG. 2, the first joint face 57 orend face of the first beam must be generally complementary to the secondjoint face 72 of the second beam. Usually, the face 57 is perpendicularto the axis of the beam and may require no further work. If the beammust be trimmed to length, it is important that the face 57 isperpendicular to the axis and faces of the beam and generally flat. Thevertical and horizontal slits 59 and 60 must now be cut into the face byusing one of several methods. If desired, the location of the slits canbe marked on the face after transferring measurements of the hanger fromsuitable data, for example the top face, the bottom face and/or sidefaces of the beam. This is time consuming and subject to error. Apreferred approach would be to apply a dye or other marking ink to theinner edges 20 and 27 of the web and seat respectively. Before the dyeor marking ink dries, the hanger is positioned accurately against thejoint face 57, so that ink from the inner edges is transferred into theend face to mark on the end face the desired location of the hanger.This must be done carefully as it will determine the accuracy of latersaw cuts which produce the slits 59 and 60 where they penetrate the face57. Alternatively, the inner edges 20 and 27 can be sharpened to asymmetrical V-shape, and the location of the edges can be transferred onto the joint face 57 by lightly hammering the outer edges 21 and 28 ofthe web and seat, so that the V-shapes of the edges are impregnated intothe face 57. In this way, the dye and/or ink can be eliminated. Theposition of the slit 59 where it penetrates the upper face 53 is markedby using a right-angled guide extending from the face 57 along the upperface 53.

A chainsaw is usually used to produce the slits 59 and 60 by carefullycutting into the end face to produce the slits in the desired placesbased on the marks on the end face. Clearly, width of the slits 59 and60 is dependent on kerf or width of cut of the chainsaw, which isselected to be the same or slightly greater than the thicknesses 42 and46 of the web and seat. Preferably, the saw is guided accurately duringthe cutting, so as to produce slits having essentially plane inner faceswhich permit reasonably easy entry of the web and seat into theappropriate slits. Alternatively, if cutting of the slits is poorlycontrolled and resulting faces of the slits are non-planar, the kerfshould be somewhat larger than the thickness of the web and seat so asto facilitate insertion of the hanger. If the faces of the slits arenon-planar and/or the kerf is too narrow relative to the hangarthickness, excessive interference will occur when driving the hangerinto the slits, and thus care should be taken to ensure that woodsurrounding the slits is not split excessively due to excessive forcebeing used to drive the hanger into the slits.

Clearly, the slits 59 and 60 intersect each other perpendicularly, and arelatively sharp corner is generated between intersecting faces of theslits. Similarly, the slit 59 intersects the upper face 53 of the beam,generating similar sharp corners between surfaces of the slit and face.As previously stated, sharp corners are provided between intersectingsurfaces of the web, the seat and the upper flange, with negligibleradii or fillets therebetween, thus reducing chances of any interferencebetween the corner of the slits in the beam, and the joins in the web.In contrast, because conventional I-beams as used in structuralapplications are generally manufactured by rolling, a generous radius isprovided between the flanges of the beam and the web which wouldinterfere with edges of the cuts herein. In addition, surfaces of theflanges of some types of conventional I-beam taper outwardly, and thushave a varying thickness across their width, which also contrasts withthe constant thickness of the seat of the present invention. Also, theflanges and webs of a conventional I-beam usually have dissimilarthicknesses for strength reasons. Consequently, in most cases, it wouldbe inappropriate to use a short portion of a conventional I-beam as asubstitute for fabricating the beam hanger as described above.

For normal applications, for use with relatively heavy duty laminatedbeams of depth of between about 6 inches and 24 inches (about 150millimeters and 600 millimeters), it is anticipated that the thicknesses42 and 46 of the web and seat would be between approximately 1/4 inchand 3/8 inch (approximately 6.3 millimeters and 9.5 millimeters). Thisis within the range of normal chainsaw kerfs. For relatively lightloads, the thicknesses 42 and 46 can be correspondingly reduced,possibly to be 1/8 inch and 3/16 inch (approximately 3.2 millimeters and4.7 millimeters). For relatively small web and seat thicknesses, theinner edges 20 and 27 of the web and seat respectively can be sharpenedsufficiently to allow the hanger to be driven into the end face of thebeam without first cutting the slits. Clearly, the beam would have tohave straight grain to ensure that the web and seat were accuratelyaligned with respect to axis of the beam after being driven into theface. It is also important that any splitting of the beam beyond the weband seat is minimal.

The web and seat of the hanger are first retained in the slits 59 and 60respectively by securing the hanger adjacent the end face using a few ofthe fasteners 25 passing through the openings 24 in the flange 14. Ifthe slits are correctly located, when the hanger has been correctlyfitted, a lower surface of the upper flange 14 is held closely adjacentthe upper face 53 of the beam, thus ensuring a snug fit, although asmall clearance between the flange 14 and face 53 is not critical. Theadjacent portion of the beam is then supported against the second beamby resting the connecting flange 15 against the upper face 54. When thebeams are correct positioned relative to each other, fasteners can beinserted in the appropriate openings 77 in the connecting flange 15, andmore fasteners can be inserted through additional openings 24 in theflange 14.

It is noted that the side edges 29 and 30 of the seat are locatedinwardly of adjacent vertical side faces of the beam 51. Preferably,there is adequate material between the side faces of the beam and sideedges of the seat to prevent the seat from being exposed should the woodfragment or crack when the beam be subjected to excessive loads. Inlaboratory tests, it has been found that one mode of failure of thistype of hanger connection is due to compression of wood above the seat,which failure can be eliminated if adequate precautions are taken whenselecting size of the seat and thickness of the beam. Clearly, as thejoint face 57 is completely masked by the second beam, the only portionsof the hanger that are visible are the upper flange 14 and integralconnecting flange 15. If the beam connection is mounted high in aceiling, or if the flanges are covered by other members, clearly theembodiment 10 is invisible from persons located below the beamconnection.

ALTERNATIVES

FIGS. 6 and 7

A second embodiment of the beam hanger is designated 85 and has someportions which resemble corresponding portions of the first embodiment.These similar portions include a generally vertical rectangular web 87and a horizontal rectangular seat 88 which can be essentially identicalto the corresponding web 12 and seat 16 of FIGS. 1 through 5. The secondembodiment 85 also has an upper flange 91 which is connected to andextends along an upper edge 93 of the web 87 and thus resembles theupper flange 14. The flange 91 is disposed between outer and inner edges94 and 95 of the web and serves as a complete upper member of the hangerand thus the integral and aligned connecting flange 15 of FIGS. 1through 5 is eliminated.

The second embodiment 85 is for connecting together first and secondmembers which are perpendicularly intersecting beams having verticallyspaced apart upper faces as will be described. The portions of thesecond embodiment of the hanger as described above cooperate with ajoint face or end face 92 and an upper face 98 of the first member,namely a first beam 96, in a manner essentially identical to thatdescribed with reference to the hanger embodiment 10 and the first beam51 of FIGS. 1 through 5. Thus, the end face 92 of the beam 96 isperpendicular to faces of the beam and is provided with slits to receivethe web and seat and further description is deemed unnecessary.

An alternative connecting flange 97 is substituted for the eliminatedflange 15 and extends outwardly from generally adjacent the outer edge94 of the web and is generally parallel to but spaced downwardly fromthe upper flange 91 by a spacing 99. An interconnecting flange 100 issecured to the outer edge 94 of the web and has an upper end 102connected to the upper flange 91 adjacent the edge 94, and a lower end103 connected to the connecting flange 97 adjacent the edge 94. Theinterconnecting flange is designed to provide a sturdy connectionbetween the flange 97, the flange 91 and the web. Clearly, the flanges91, 97 and 100 could be fabricated to be integral with each other byforming a strip of suitable material into a Z-shape after which theflanges 91 and 100 are secured to the web. The connecting flange 97 hasopenings 101 to receive undesignated fasteners for securing to an upperface 104 of the second member, i.e., a second beam 105 which is disposedperpendicularly to the first beam 96 in plan view, not shown. It can beseen that vertical spacing 107 between the upper faces 98 and 104 of thebeams is equal to the spacing 99 between the flanges 91 and 97 whichdefines length of the interconnecting flange 100. For additionalstrength in an alternative, the connecting flange 97 can also beconnected to the web 87 by a pair of transversely disposed strengtheningtriangular brackets 109 which extend beneath and between the connectingflange and the web, as best seen in FIG. 7. These brackets would requirea complementary clearance recesses in the joint face 92. Alternatively,an axially disposed central triangular bracket, shown in broken outlineat 111, can extend axially between the interconnecting flange 100 andthe connecting flange 97.

In some designs, an alternative spacing 107.1 between the faces 98 and104 (shown at 104.1) of the beams can be equal to an alternative spacing99.1 between the seat 88 and the upper flange 91. In this case theseparate connecting flange 97 can be eliminated, and an alternativeconnecting flange 97.1 substituted which extends from the seat 88 andcontacts an upper face 104.1 of the beam 105 (shown in an alternativelocation). This alternative is an integral co-planar and axially alignedextension of the seat 88 as shown in broken outline. In this alternativethe interconnecting flange 100 would extend to a lower end 103.1 thereofto connect with an upper surface of the integral connecting flange 97.1and thus could be a L-shape to be integral with the upper flange 91only. In some applications of this alternative, the interconnectingflange 100 can be eliminated and sufficient strength is obtained byhaving the flange 97.1 integral with the seat 88.

Two other alternatives are envisaged in which the upper face 104 of thesecond beam 105 is spaced either below or above the upper flange 91,i.e. below or above the face 98 of the beam. In the first of these twoalternatives, the upper surface of the beam 105 is located at analternative location 104.2, which is located in this example below theseat 88, and can also be below a lower face of the beam 96. In thisalternative the interconnecting flange 100 extends to an alternativelower end 103.2 thereof. An alternative connecting flange 97.2 extendsfrom the end 103.2 and is secured to the alternative face 104.2 of thebeam. In the second of two main alternatives, an alternative position ofthe upper face of the beam 105 is shown at 104.3 which is disposed abovethe face 98. In this case, an alternative interconnecting flange 100.3extends from an end of the upper flange 91 adjacent the edge 94 of theweb so as to be generally co-planar with the edge 94 but is notconnected to the edge 94. An alternative central bracket 111.1 extendsbetween the upper flange and the connecting flange 100.3 to strengthenthe connection therebetween. As before, the upper flange 91, theconnecting flange 100.3 and the alternative connecting 97.3 can beformed into a Z-shaped integral connection. Clearly, in somealternatives of this embodiment, small portions of the hanger may bevisible from below.

Yet a further alternative to this general structure is envisaged inwhich the upper faces of the two intersecting beams are non-parallel. Inthis further alternative, as seen only in FIG. 7, the face of the secondbeam is designated as 104.4 and inclined at an angle 112 to thehorizontal, and thus also to the face 98 of the first beam which is alsohorizontal. In this embodiment, the interconnecting flange is designated100.4 which extends above the upper flange 91 similarly to the flange100.3, and has an upper end 102.4 from which an alternative laterallyinclined connecting flange 97.4 extends. This type of beam hanger isnecessary in some style of roof designs where beams have upper surfacesinclined to the horizontal.

Clearly, other alternatives are envisaged in which the inclined face104.4 of the second beam could be level with or below the face 98 of thefirst beam, or below the seat 88 similarly to the alternative shown at97.2. All these embodiments are considered to utilize the basic conceptof the invention in which first and second members are intersectingbeams having vertically spaced apart upper faces and the beam hanger hasa connector which comprises a connecting flange spaced vertically fromthe upper flange and adapted to receive fasteners to connect to thesecond member. Clearly, in some embodiments the connecting flange can beparallel to the upper flange, and in other instances can be inclined tothe upper flange.

FIGS. 8 and 9

A third embodiment 115 of a beam hanger according to the invention isfor securing a first member, namely a generally horizontal beam 116, toa second member, namely a generally vertical post or wall 118. Forsimplicity, hereinafter and in the claims, the second member 118 isassumed to be a vertical post, although any structural member with avertical surface could be substituted for the post. The third embodimenthas a vertical rectangular web 120 and a horizontal rectangular seat 122which generally resemble the webs and seats of the previously describedembodiments. The third embodiment has an upper flange 124 whichresembles the upper flange 91 of the second embodiment 85 in that theflange 124 serves as the upper member of the hanger and has an outeredge 126 generally adjacent an outer edge 127 of the web 120.

The third embodiment differs from the previous two embodiments by havingan alternative connecting flange 129 which is a vertically disposedrectangular plate connecting together the outer edge 126 of the upperflange 124, the outer edge 127 of the web 120, and an outer edge 123 ofthe seat 122. The connecting flange 129 has an upper edge 130 secured tothe upper flange 124, and a lower edge 131 secured to the outer edge 123of the seat. As seen in FIG. 9, width of the flange 129, as defined bylength of the lower edge 131, may be greater than width of the seat 122,as defined by length of the edge 123 so the flange may "overhang" theseat. Similarly, side edges 132 and 133 of the connecting flangeintersect undesignated side edges of the upper flange 124, which arespaced outwardly from undesignated side edges of the seat 122. Theconnecting flange 129 has a plurality of openings 134 to receivefasteners 135 passing into the post 118. Clearly, the connecting flange129 is plane and complementary to the end face 119 of the beam 116, anda complementary joint face 136 of the post.

The joint face 119 of the beam 116 is prepared to produce undesignatedslits complementary to the web and seat in a manner similar to thatdescribed with reference to FIGS. 1 through 5. Preferably, clearancerecesses 142 are also provided in the end face 119 to provide clearancefor ends of the fasteners 135 to permit flush fitting of the joint face119 against the connecting flange 129. In this arrangement, edges of theconnecting flange 129 would be visible in narrow gaps between the endface 119 and the joint face 136. If desired, the end face 119 of thebeam could be recessed to receive not only the ends of the fasteners135, but also the connecting flange 129, so that the hanger would not bevisible from the side or underneath.

In an alternative, the upper flange 124 can be extended axially beyondthe edge 126 to provide an alternative bracket 138, shown in brokenoutline, which is a relatively short, integral, co-planar axiallyaligned extension of the upper flange. The post would then require agenerally horizontal complementary slit 140 disposed in the second jointface to be generally adjacent and aligned with the upper flange 124. Thebracket 138 extends outwardly from adjacent the outer edge of the weband is received snugly in the complementary slit 140 to provideadditional support for the hanger.

The third embodiment 115 can be installed in the joint in one of twoways, either by first securing the hanger to the end face 119 of thebeam 116 as previously described, or alternatively by securing thehanger to the joint face 136 of the post 118. In this first approach,because the end face of the beam obscures the fasteners 135, analternative arrangement of fasteners is preferred, for example captivenuts could be secured to a surface of the connecting flange 129 alignedwith threaded or clearance openings in the flange. Each openings receivea bolt which has a sufficient length to pass through the post and to beretained in the nut, which arrangement permits application of torque tothe bolts while securing the hanger to the post. This presents somedifficulties which may be unavoidable in some circumstances. Thealternative approach is considered to be easier in most instances byfirst securing the hanger to the post with the fasteners 135 as shown inFIG. 8, and then to insert the web and seat into the slits on the endface of the beam, for installing the first beam.

In alternatives, not shown, the beam 116 could be inclined to thehorizontal where it intersects the post. In this alternative, the beamis cut to provide a horizontal upper face portion, or the upper flange124 could have an upper surface inclined at an angle to be complementaryto an upper face of the inclined beam. This alternative is not shown butbears some resemblance to alternatives shown in FIGS. 12 through 15.

FIGS. 10 and 11

A fourth embodiment 145 of a hanger according to the invention is forconnecting together first and second members or beams 146 and 147respectively which are horizontally disposed, intersecting beams and areinclined obliquely to each other as viewed in the top plan of FIG. 11.The beams 146 and 147 have co-planar upper faces 148 and 149respectively, as seen in FIG. 10. Because the beams intersect each otherobliquely, to ensure that joint faces of the beams are complementary toeach other, the beam 146 has an end face or first joint face 152 cutobliquely to a longitudinal beam axis 151 as shown in FIG. 11 to becomplementary to a side face or second joint face 154 of the beam 149.Clearly, the end face 152 is disposed perpendicularly to the upper face148 of the beam, assuming the face 154 is vertical.

The fourth embodiment 145 has a vertical rectangular web 157 and ahorizontal rectangular seat 158 which are generally similar to those aspreviously described. The end face 152 of the first beam is prepared ina manner generally similar to that of the previous embodiments exceptthat horizontal and vertical slits to receive the web and seat are cutgenerally obliquely to the end face, so as to be aligned axially withthe beam 146. This requires additional skill in cutting the slits andconsequently additional saw guidance tooling is preferred.

The fourth embodiment 145 has an upper member 160 comprising an upperflange 161 extending from an inner edge 162 of the web to a planecontaining an outer edge 163 of the web and the complementary jointfaces 152 and 154. To accommodate the oblique angle between the beams,the upper member 160 also comprises a connecting flange 164 which isintegral with and inclined obliquely to the upper flange 161 at an anglecomplementary to the angle between the beams as shown in FIG. 11. Thisconnecting flange 164 is a co-planar extension of the upper flange 161and extends obliquely outwardly from the outer edge 163 of the web andis inclined obliquely to the upper flange as best seen in FIG. 11. Boththe upper flange 161 and the connecting flange 164 have undesignatedopenings to receive undesignated fasteners to connect to the first andsecond beams respectively. As previously described, in some applicationsa pair of transversely disposed triangular strengthening brackets 165,shown in broken outline, can be fitted to extend between the web 157 andthe upper flange as shown.

Similarly to the previously described embodiments, the upper faces 148and 149 of the beams could be spaced apart vertically, in which case theconnecting flange 164 would be secured to an interconnecting flange, notshown, generally similar to the flange 100 of FIGS. 6 and 7 so that theupper flange and connecting flanges could be interconnected andnon-planar. This alternative is also not shown.

FIGS. 12 and 13

A fifth embodiment 170 of a hanger according to the invention is forconnecting together perpendicularly or obliquely intersecting first andsecond members, namely first and second beams 171 and 172 in which thefirst beam is inclined to the horizontal so as to be non-planar withrespect to the second beam. The first beam 171 has a main longitudinalaxis 174 inclined to the horizontal as shown, and an upper face 175which is parallel to the axis. The beam 171 has a vertical end face,serving as a joint face 177, which is thus inclined obliquely to theaxis 174 and is generally complementary to a side face of the secondbeam 172 which serves as a second joint face 179.

The second beam 172 has an upper face 183 disposed perpendicularly tothe face 179 and thus is generally horizontal. Thus, the face 175 andface 183 are inclined to each other, that is they are non-planar, andsome difficulties can arise with this type of beam connection. Toovercome such difficulties, an uppermost portion 181 of the upper face175 of the first beam, which is adjacent the first joint face 177, iscut so as to be generally co-planar with the horizontal upper face 183of the beam 172. Because the face 177 is vertical, and the portion 181is horizontal, the portion 181 and the face 177 are perpendicular toeach other. This enables a hanger which is generally similar to thefirst embodiment 10 to be used in this application if the portion 181 ofthe upper surface of the beam is approximately equal to, or at least nosmaller than, size of the upper flange 14 of the embodiment of FIGS. 1through 5. Typically, the portion 181 can be relatively small, and thuspreferably the fifth embodiment 170 has a smaller upper flange 186substituted for the normal sized flange 14 of FIGS. 1-5. Preferably theflange 186 is approximately equal to size of the portion 181 whichresults in a relatively small upper flange, which is less visible than alarger flange and is sufficient to accept necessary fasteners.

Similarly to the previously described embodiments, the embodiment 175has a vertical web 188, and a horizontal rectangular seat 189 securedadjacent a lower edge of the web. The web has an outer edge 191generally co-planar with the end face 171 and a corresponding outer edge192 of the seat. The seat 189 is usually of a similar size to the seat16 of FIGS. 1 through 5, assuming that loads are similar. Thus, the seatextends inwardly from the outer edge of the web a greater distance thanthe upper flange, and thus the web has an inner edge 194 which extendsobliquely from an inner edge 196 of the upper flange 186 to an inneredge 197 of the seat so that the web 188 is generally trapezoidal inshape.

Thus, it can be seen in FIG. 12 that the upper flange 186 has an axiallength less than the seat 189, but as seen in FIG. 13, the upper flangehas a transverse width greater than transverse width of the seat 189. Itis noted that the side edges of the upper flange coincide with sideedges of the first beam 171 and that adequate material is providedbetween side edges of the beam and side edges of the seat. Optionaltransversely disposed triangular brackets 199 can be provided to extendbetween the upper flange 186 and the web 188 to increase stiffnessbetween the web and flange as previously described.

Similarly to the first embodiment 10, the fifth embodiment 170 has aconnecting flange 202 being a co-planar and axially aligned extension ofthe upper flange 186. The connecting flange extends outwardly fromadjacent the outer edge 191 of the web, and is aligned with the upperflange and adapted to receive fasteners passing through complementaryundesignated openings to connect to the second beam 172.

The fifth embodiment 170 of the hanger is fitted in slits in the beam171 generally similarly to the previously described embodiments. Becausethe inner edge 194 is inclined obliquely to the outer edge of the web,the inner edge 194 of the hanger embodiment 170 cannot be used as atemplate to provide suitable marks for indicating the location of thevertical and horizontal slits in the joint face 177. Instead, the outeredge 191 of the web and the outer edge 192 of the seat are placedagainst the end face to serve as templates to mark positions of theslits on the joint face 177. In addition, care must be taken whencutting the slit for the seat 189 because the cutting occurs in a planeinclined obliquely to grain of the beam which may increase difficulties.

Because the fifth embodiment 170 is functionally essentially identicalto the first embodiment 10, clearly the fifth embodiment can be used tosecure two perpendicularly intersecting horizontally disposed beams.Because the upper flange 186 is smaller than the upper flange 14 ofFIGS. 1-5, and the web 188 is also smaller than the web 12 of FIGS. 1-5,less material is used which could result in lower production costs. Inaddition, because the upper flange is smaller it is less visible fromabove, and will be easier to mask, thus improving the aesthetics of thejoint.

Similarly to the previously described embodiments, the face 183 could bespaced vertically from the face 181, and this could be accommodated byproviding an interconnecting flange generally similar to the flange 100of FIGS. 6 and 7. This alternative is not shown. Also, as previouslydescribed with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9, the inclined beam can beaccommodated in other alternatives described herein.

In an additional alternative similar to the first embodiment, the seat189 has an alternative inner edge 197.1 which is disposed inwardly ofthe inner edge 194 of the web where it contacts the seat. This hasapplications where for engineering reasons, a larger bearing area ofseat is required to support loads of the beam, and, for economy, a webcan have a shorter length where it contacts the web.

FIGS. 14 and 15

A sixth embodiment 210 of a hanger according to the invention is forconnecting together first and second members, namely perpendicularlyintersecting first and second beams 211 and 212 in which the first beamis inclined to the horizontal so as to be non-planar with respect to thesecond beam, in a manner similar to that shown with reference to FIGS.12 and 13. Thus, the first beam 211 has a main longitudinal axis 214 andan upper face 215 inclined to the horizontal as shown in FIG. 14. Incontrast with the beam 171 of FIG. 12, the upper face 215 of the beam211 extends as an inclined plane to intersect an end face there, ofserving as a first joint face 217. Thus, the faces 215 and 217 areinclined to each other at an angle 219 which is complementary to angleof inclination of the beam to the horizontal. The second beam 212 has ahorizontal upper face 221, and a vertical side face 222, which serves asa second joint face. Thus, the upper face 215 of the first beam isobliquely inclined and intersects the generally horizontal upper face221 of the second beam.

The sixth embodiment 210 has a vertical web 225 having parallel innerand outer edges 226 and 227 which are parallel to the joint face 217,and upper and lower edges 228 and 229 which are parallel to the upperface 215. Consequently, as illustrated, the web is a parallelogram whichdiffers from the previous rectangular webs 12, 87, 120 and 157, and thetrapezoidal web 188, but other shapes are possible.

The sixth embodiment 210, as illustrated, also has a rectangular seat233 having an outer edge 234 which is coplanar with the face 217, and aninner edge 235 which is parallel to the edge 234 and adjacent the inneredge 226 of the web. Thus, the seat is sloping, i.e. inclined to thehorizontal so as to be parallel to the upper face 215 of the beam, andis perpendicular to the web 225 as seen in FIG. 15. This is the onlyembodiment shown with a sloping seat, but other embodiments could bemodified to have a sloping seat to accommodate inclined beams.

The sixth embodiment 210 has an upper member 238 comprising an upperflange 240 extending from the upper edge 228 of the web. Thus, the upperflange and the seat are parallel to each other and inclined obliquely tothe inner and outer edges of the web at complementary angles dependenton the angle of the upper face. The upper flange has an inner edge 242adjacent the inner edge 226 of the web. The upper member 238 furthercomprises a connecting flange 245 which extends outwardly from the outeredge 227 of the web and is inclined obliquely to the upper flange at anangle thereto so as to be parallel and in contact with the upper face221 of the second member. As best seen in FIG. 15, the connectingflange. 245 has side edges 247 and 248 which are within vertical planescontaining side edges 251 and 252 of the upper flange 240 and thus theupper member 238 can be made by bending a rectangular sheet of metal atthe appropriate angle 244, depending on the angle of the face 215.Similar to the previously described embodiments, the upper flange andconnecting flange 240 and 245 respectively have undesignated openings toreceive undesignated fasteners for securing the respective flanges tothe first and second beams. Similarly to the previously describedembodiments, the top flange may be narrower than the beam, andtransverse triangular brackets 257 can be secured to the edge 227 andthe upper flange to strengthen the connection between the web and theupper flange.

Because the seat 229 is parallel to the axis 214, the saw cut to producethe slit for the seat 229 is generally aligned with the grain of thebeam, which contrasts with the fifth embodiment as shown in FIG. 12, inwhich the saw cut is inclined obliquely to the grain. However, the sawcut is inclined obliquely to the face 217 which can cause some problemsin accurately cutting the slit, and thus guidance tooling may beappropriate.

Additional alternative structures are envisaged in which the upper face221 of the second beam is spaced vertically with respect to anintersection of the faces 215 and 217 of the first beam. This verticalspacing could be accommodated by providing an interconnecting flangewhich is preferably integral with the upper flange and generally similarto the flange 100 of FIGS. 6 and 7 as previously described. As shown insome of the earlier embodiments, for high load applications,transversely disposed triangular strengthening brackets, or one or moreaxially disposed triangular brackets can be disposed between theconnecting flange and the interconnecting flange and/or vertical web asrequired, following conventional engineering practise.

In summary, it can be seen that at least six main embodiments asdescribed above have a support structure for inserting intocomplementary vertical and horizontal slits in the first joint face ofthe first beam, the support structure being a vertical web and ahorizontal seat disposed below the web. In addition, all supportstructure has an upper flange for connecting to the upper face of thefirst member to provide a secure connection thereto to prevent axialmovement of the beam relative thereto while the seat supports weight ofthe first beam. In addition, each of the embodiments has a connectingflange which serves as a connector for connecting the beam hanger to thesecond member so as to support the first member against the secondmember. The connector cooperates usually with the upper flange, and iscommonly integral therewith for manufacturing simplicity. Alternatively,the connector can cooperate directly with the seat or with aninterconnecting flange which is secured to the web. Sometimes additionaltransversely or axially disposed triangular strengthening brackets areneeded, depending on the application. The connector also cooperates withfasteners which pass through openings in the connector to secure thebeam hanger to the second member. In all instances, a plurality offasteners pass through openings in the upper flange of the beam hangerto secure the upper flange to the first member. Clearly, alternativeconnectors can be devised for connecting the beam hanger to other secondmembers, which have joint faces complementary to the first beam, and anupper face adapted to receive the connector secured thereagainst.

I claim:
 1. A beam connection assembly comprising:(a) a first member having an upper face, a lower face opposite to the upper face, and a first joint face, the first joint face having a generally vertical slit intersecting the upper face, and a generally horizontal slit which is intersected by the vertical slit at a position remote from the upper and lower faces, the horizontal slit being defined in part by a pair of spaced apart horizontal slit faces, (b) a second member having a second joint face, at least one portion of the second joint face being adjacent and generally complementary to at least one portion of the first joint face, (c) a beam hanger comprising:(i) a generally vertical web inserted into the vertical slit in the first joint face, the web being within a generally vertical axial plane and having upper and lower edges adjacent the upper face and the horizontal slit respectively of the first member, the web having an outer edge adjacent the first joint face, (ii) an upper flange non-releasably connected to and extending from the upper edge of the web so that the upper flange contacts the upper face of the first member, (iii) a seat non-releasably connected to and extending from the lower edge of the web and inserted within the horizontal slit, the seat having a lower face which is concealed from view by the first member, (iv) a connector for connecting the beam hanger to the second member, the connector being non-releasably connected to the upper flange or the web and cooperating with secondary fasteners to secure the beam hanger to the second member, and (d) a plurality of primary fasteners passing through openings in the upper flange of the beam hanger and extending into the first member to secure the upper flange to the first member.
 2. A beam connection assembly as claimed in claim 1, in which:(a) the seat is parallel to the upper flange.
 3. A beam connection assembly as claimed in claim 1, in which:(a) the seat has an outer edge co-planar with the outer edge of the web.
 4. A beam connection assembly as claimed in claim 1, in which:(a) the first and second members are intersecting beams having generally co-planar upper faces, and (b) the connector comprises a connecting flange being a co-planar and axially aligned extension of the upper flange, the connecting flange extending outwardly from adjacent the outer edge of the web and is aligned with the upper flange and adapted to receive the secondary fasteners to connect to the second member.
 5. A beam connection assembly as claimed in claim 1, in which:(a) the seat and the upper flange extend perpendicularly from the web.
 6. A beam connection assembly as claimed in claim 1, in which:(a) the web has a thickness as measured transversely to the vertical axial plane, and (b) the seat has a thickness as measured generally parallel to the vertical plane, the thicknesses of the web and seat being generally equal.
 7. A beam connection assembly as claimed in claim 1, in which:(a) the seat and the lower edge of the web intersect each other with a negligible radius therebetween so as to provide relatively sharp inwardly facing comers adjacent said lower edges of the web.
 8. A beam connection assembly as claimed in claim 1, in which:(a) the upper flange and the seat have respective widths defined by transverse spacing between respective side edges thereof, and said side edges of the seat are disposed inwardly of the side edges of the upper flange so that the width of the upper flange is greater than width of the seat. 